%% ==================================================================== %% This LaTeX file was created by AbiWord. %% AbiWord is a free, Open Source word processor. %% You may obtain more information about AbiWord at http://www.abisource.com %% ====================================================================== \documentclass[12pt]{article} \usepackage[T1]{fontenc} \usepackage{calc} \usepackage{hyperref}\usepackage{setspace} \usepackage{multicol} \usepackage[normalem]{ulem} \usepackage{color} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{0.984028in-1in} \setlength{\textwidth}{\paperwidth - 0.984028in-0.984028in} \setlength{\textheight}{23cm} %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%% personal definitions \newcommand\noin{\noindent} \def\pub #1;;#2;;#3;;#4;;#5 {#1. {\it#2, }{\ \it#3, } {\bf#4, }#5} % PUBLISHED REFERENCE-- #1 AUTHORSHIP, YEAR; #2 TITLE; #3 JOURNAL; % #4 VOLUME; #5 PAGE. \newcommand\revinvit{ %%{\\ \bf (invited review)} { } } %\def\apj{Ap.J.} %\def\mnras{MNRAS} \def\apj{Astrophysical Journal} \def\mnras{Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society} \def\AandA{Astronomy \& Astrophysics} \def\AASupp{Astronomy \& Astrophysics Supplement} \def\cqg{Classical and Quantum Gravity} \def\jaf{Journal des astronomes fran\c{c}ais} \def\asr{Advances in Space Research} \def\dans{ in } \newcommand\mdcitem[0]{\item } %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% \begin{document} \begin{flushleft} \end{flushleft} \begin{flushleft} \textbf{State Committee for Scientific Research -- KBN }{\footnotesize{}For KBN use only} \end{flushleft} \begin{flushleft} \textbf{00-529 Warszawa Nr.} \end{flushleft} \begin{flushleft} \textbf{ul. Wsp\'olna 1/3 Group} \end{flushleft} \begin{flushleft} \textbf{POLAND} \\ \end{flushleft} \begin{center} \textbf{GRANT APPLICATION} \end{center} \begin{flushleft} \end{flushleft} \begin{flushleft} \textbf{Project Title:} \centerline{\underline{Search for Topological Lensing}} \\ \centerline{\underline{of Radio-Loud Active Galactic Nuclei and Galaxy Clusters}} \end{flushleft} \begin{flushleft} \end{flushleft} \begin{flushleft} \textbf{A. APPLICANT DATA} \end{flushleft} \begin{flushleft} \end{flushleft} \begin{flushleft} {\em 1. Name and address of the organization where work will be performed (include department, institute, laboratory, and chair, as applicable): } \end{flushleft} Toru\'n Centre for Astronomy, Nicolas Copernicus University, ul. Gagarina, 11, Toru\'n 87-100; director prof. hab. dr Andrzej Kus \begin{flushleft} {\em 2. Principal Investigator (include title, first name, last name): } \end{flushleft} dr Boudewijn Roukema \begin{flushleft} {\em 3. Principal Investigator's employer, if different from above organization (include department, institute, laboratory, and chair, as applicable): } \end{flushleft} (same as above) \begin{flushleft} \textbf{B. GENERAL DATA} \end{flushleft} \begin{flushleft} {\em 1. Funding period: } {\bf 33}..months (01.2004 -- 09.2006) \end{flushleft} \begin{flushleft} {\em 2. Number of personnel involved in the project:} {\bf 6} \end{flushleft} \begin{flushleft} {\em 3. Type of project (pick one):} \textbf{Individual Project} \end{flushleft} \begin{flushleft} {\em 4. Requested funding amount (in Polish zlotys{\footnotesize{} Polish zloty annual 2002 mid - rate against the euro is estimated at 3,95 (Ministry of Finance - draft budget for the Year 2002)} - z\l{}):} \end{flushleft} [200-300 kz\l{} seems reasonable, will depend on breakdown below] \begin{flushleft} {\em 5. Keywords:} \end{flushleft} observational cosmology, cosmic topology, radio-loud active galactic nuclei, clusters of galaxies \clearpage \begin{flushleft} 6. \textbf{Project summary} (not to exceed 1 page; may be published by KBN if grant is awarded): \end{flushleft} \begin{centering} {\underline{Search for Topological Lensing of Radio-Loud Active Galactic Nuclei and Galaxy Clusters}} \end{centering} The Hilbert-Einstein equations are insufficient to describe the geometry of the Universe, as they only constrain a local geometrical property: curvature. A global knowledge of the geometry of space, if possible, would require measurement of the topology of the Universe. Since the subject was discussed in 1900 by Schwarzschild, observational attempts to measure global topology have been rare for most of this century, but have accelerated in the 1990's due to the rapidly increasing amount of observations of non-negligible fractions of the observational sphere. The basic physical test for measuring the topology of the Universe is simple from a na\"{\i}ve theoretical point of view: it is sufficient to see multiple images of extragalactic objects whose light travels to the observer via straight lines (geodesics) in different directions, or in other words that crosses the Universe from different directions or more than once. Hence, the term ``topological lensing'', since whatever theory might in the future explain the global shape of the Universe will presumably be an extension of general relativity, and just as general relativity is tested by gravitational lensing, where single objects such as high redshift galaxies are seen several times, the future theory (probably a theory of quantum gravity) should be constrained by topological lensing. In practice, just as the individual and statistical observational properties of extragalactic objects have made determination of local cosmological parameters (such as the matter density parameter, the cosmological constant and the Hubble constant) much more difficult than was hoped, their properties make the search for topological lensing difficult. The most promising objects at high redshifts for detecting topological lensing are those we can see in large numbers and across large volumes of space: (1) active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and (2) clusters of galaxies. In the Toru\'n Centre for Astronomy, we have a combination of \begin{list}{(\roman{enumi})}{\usecounter{enumi}} \item existing observational expertise in radio-loud AGNs (RLAGNs) including the study of the evolution of RLAGNs (Marecki, Kunert, Gawro\'nski); and \item with the OCRA (One-cm Radio Array) project, we hope to soon obtain a catalogue of thousands of clusters of galaxies at high redshifts via the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect (Soberski); and \item the PI (Roukema) has developed observational strategies for investigating cosmic topology. \end{list} For this reason, we have an excellent opportunity at TCfA to excel in this field. Although our focus will be on the use of RLAGNs and clusters of galaxies, knowledge of cosmic microwave background (CMB) observational analyses will be crucial for independently checking any serious candidates for topological lensing. We are fortunate to have the presence in our group of an expert in CMB data, Bartosz Lew, who we expect to achieve the status of Magister during 2003. \clearpage \begin{flushleft} \textbf{C. STAFF INFORMATION} \end{flushleft} \begin{flushleft} \end{flushleft} \begin{flushleft} {\em For the Principal Investigator and each senior staff member, provide the following biographical information:} \end{flushleft} \begin{flushleft} 1. {\em Name} \end{flushleft} dr Boudewijn Roukema \begin{flushleft} 2. {\em Educational history including, for each degree, the field, institution, and date obtained} \end{flushleft} 1989-93: Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) in Astronomy and Astrophysics, Mt Stromlo and Siding Spring Observatories (M.S.S.S.O.), Australian National University (A.N.U.), Canberra. 1985-88: Bachelor of Science (Hons), Australian National University, Canberra, Australia (awarded National Undergraduate Scholarship for this degree ) \begin{flushleft} 3. {\em Academic and professional appointments, in reverse chronological order} \end{flushleft} \noin since 2002: adiunkt, Toru\'n Centre for Astronomy, Uniwersytet Miko\l{}aja Kopernika, Toru\'n, Poland \noin 2001: visitor, DARC/LUTH (Laboratoire de l'Univers et ses Th\'eories), Observatoire de Meudon, France \noin 1998--2000: postdoctoral fellow, Inter-University Centre for Astronomy \& Astrophysics, Pune, India \noin Feb--July 1998: visitor, CAMK, Warszawa %\noin May-Sep 1997: Visitor, Institut d'Astrophysique % de Paris, CNRS, France %(R) %\noin April 1997: Visitor, Beijing Astronomical Observatory, Beijing, P.R.China %(R) \noin 1996--1997: Centre of Excellence foreign visiting fellow, NAOJ, % （国立天文台） Mitaka, Tokyo, %181, Japan %(R) %\smallskip \noin 1994--1995: postdoctoral research fellow, Astronomy Centre, University of Sussex, U.K. %(RT) %United Kingdom %\smallskip %\noin Aug/Sep 1994: Visitor, Dept of Astronomy, Bandung Institute of %Technology, Bandung, Indonesia %(T) %\smallskip \noin Jan/Feb 1994: visitor, Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom %(R) %\smallskip % \noin Nov/Dec 1993: Visiting fellow, D.A.E.C., Observatoire de Paris - Meudon, % France (R) %\smallskip \noin 1993: postdoctoral fellow, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, CNRS, France %(R) \begin{flushleft} 4. {\em Brief descriptions of research projects completed in the last four years, including up to 10 publications (provide publication data).} \end{flushleft} {Main Research Interests} {\noin (i) {\em Observational Cosmology} and (ii) {\em Galaxy Formation}: (i) Observational constraints on statistics of ``large scale'' structure, observational constraints on local cosmological parameters (such as the density parameter and the cosmological constant), and observational programmes to try to constrain global cosmological parameters; (ii) Merging-history-tree based galaxy formation models in a cosmological context and their comparison with observational galaxy statistics. \begin{list}{\arabic{enumi}}{\usecounter{enumi}} \item \pub \underline{Roukema, B.F.} \& Bajtlik, S., 1999;;Transverse Galaxy Velocities from Multiple Topological Images;;\mnras;;308;;309 \ (arXiv:astro-ph/9903038) %% CAMK, IAP, IUCAA %art \item \pub \underline{Roukema, B.F.}, 2000a;;COBE and Global Topology: An Example of the Application of the Circles Principle;;\mnras;;312;;712 \ (arXiv:astro-ph/9910272) %% IUCAA %ftp blacksci 15/10/99 %art \mdcitem %\item \pub \underline{Roukema, B.F.} \& Mamon, G.A., 2000;;Tangential Large Scale Structure as a Standard Ruler: Curvature Parameters from Quasars;;\AandA;;358;;395 \ (arXiv:astro-ph/9911413) %art %%395-408 %\item \mdcitem \pub \underline{Roukema, B.F.}, 2000b;;A Counterexample to Claimed COBE Constraints on Compact Toroidal Universe Models;;\cqg;;17;;3951 \ (arXiv:astro-ph/0007140) %art %%IUCAA %%Lori.Johnston@ioppublishing.co.uk This is to let you know that your article has been published in CQG volume 17 (7 October 2000), issue 19, pages 3951--3963. \item \pub \underline{Roukema, B.F.}, 2000c;;The Topology of the Universe;;Bulletin of the Astronomical Society of India;;28;;483 %art %%BASI \ (arXiv:astro-ph/0010185) \revinvit \item \pub \underline{Roukema, B.F.} \& Mamon, G.A., 2001;;Lifting cosmic degeneracy within a single data set;;{\AandA};;366;;1 \ (arXiv:astro-ph/0010511) %art %%IUCAA \item \pub \underline{Roukema, B.F.}, 2001b;;How to distinguish a nearly flat Universe from a flat Universe using the orientation independence of a standard ruler;;{\AandA};;369;;729 \ (arXiv:astro-ph/0102095) %art \item \pub \underline{Roukema, B.F.}, 2001d;;On the comoving distance as an arc-length in four dimensions;;{\mnras};;325;;138 \ (arXiv:astro-ph/0102099)%art \item \pub \underline{Roukema, B.F.}, Ninin, S., Devriendt, J., Bouchet, F.B., Guiderdoni, B., Mamon, G.A., 2001;;Star Formation Losses Due to Tidal Debris in `Hierarchical' Galaxy Formation;;\AandA;;373;;494 \ (arXiv:astro-ph/0105152) %art \item \pub \underline{Roukema, B.F.}, Mamon, G.A., \& Bajtlik, S., 2002;;The Cosmological Constant and Quintessence from a Correlation Function Comoving Fine Feature in the 2dF Quasar Redshift Survey;;{\AandA};;382;;397 \ (arXiv:astro-ph/0106135) %art %%DARC/LUTH, IUCAA \end{list} \begin{flushleft} 5. {\em Awards received} \end{flushleft} \begin{flushleft} 1. {\em Name} \end{flushleft} dr Andrzej Marecki \begin{flushleft} 2. {\em Educational history including, for each degree, the field, institution, and date obtained} \end{flushleft} 1980 MSc (astronomy) UMK, Toru\'n 1992 PhD (astronomy) UMK, Toru\'n \begin{flushleft} 3. {\em Academic and professional appointments, in reverse chronological order} \end{flushleft} since 1992 adiunkt, Centrum Astronomii, UMK, Toru\'n \begin{flushleft} 4. {\em Brief descriptions of research projects completed in the last four years, including up to 10 publications (provide publication data).} \end{flushleft} Brief description of research projects: Interfermetric observations of radio-loud AGN (RLAGN) aimed to reveal structures of compact i.e. {\it young} objects. Selection and observations (MERLIN, VLBI) of a new sample of faint compact objects. Measurements of the velocites of the components in such radio structures. \begin{list}{\arabic{enumi}}{\usecounter{enumi}} \item \underline{Marecki, A.}, Falcke H., Niezgoda J. Garrington, S.T., Patnaik A.R. (1999) "Gigahertz Peaked Spectrum sources from the Jodrell Bank-VLA Astrometric Survey" A\&AS 135, 273 \item Fanti, C. ... \underline{Marecki, A.}, et al. (2000) "ISO observations of a sample of CSS and GHz Peaked Spectrum radio galaxies", A\&A 358, 499 \item Browne, I. W. \underline{Marecki, A.}, et al. (2000) "OCRA: a one-centimeter receiver array" SPIE 4015, 299 \item \underline{Kunert, M.}, \underline{Marecki, A.} et al. (2002) "FIRST-based survey of Compact Steep Spectrum sources. I. MERLIN images of arc-second scale objects" A\&A 391, 47 \item \underline{Marecki, A.} et al. (2003) "Location of Weak CSS Sources on the Evolutionary Path of Radio-Loud AGN", PASA 20, in press (astro-ph/0211253) \item \underline{Marecki, A.} et al. (2003) "Weak CSS Sources from the FIRST Survey", PASA 20, in press (astro-ph/0211249) \item \underline{Marecki, A.} et al. (2003) "1245+676 - a CSO/GPS source being an extreme case of a double-double" PASA 20, in press (astro-ph/0209212) \end{list} \begin{flushleft} 5. {\em Awards received} \end{flushleft} \begin{flushleft} \textbf{D. PROJECT DESCRIPTION, METHODOLOGY, AND EXPECTED RESULTS} \end{flushleft} \begin{flushleft} \end{flushleft} \begin{flushleft} \textbf{ }{\em What problem is being proposed and why? Why should this work be undertaken in Poland?} \end{flushleft} The problem being posed is to try to measure the shape of the Universe. This is important because the Universe is the object in which we live and it is of obvious scientific and cultural interest to be aware of the shape of the object in which we live. It should be undertaken here because we have a combination of present and developing observational expertise in radio-loud active galactic nuclei (RLAGNs) and clusters of galaxies via the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect respectively, plus expertise in the development of observational strategies for measuring cosmic topology. Poland has obvious historical precedents in showing that the Earth is not the centre of the Universe, and that planets around other stars exist. It would clearly be good to continue the tradition on a much larger length scale (Gigaparsecs). \begin{flushleft} {\em What is the present state of knowledge in the field, and to what extent does this project verify it? How will the project advance discovery and understanding in its field or across fields? Is this a new or a continued problem? } \end{flushleft} It is clear that topological lensing on scales of a few hundred Megaparsecs is extremely unlikely. Attempted constraints on scales from 1 Gigaparsec (1$h^{-1}$Gpc) to the horizon diameter of about 20$h^{-1}$Gpc are much weaker and generally very model dependent. This project will use RLAGNs and clusters of galaxies up to redshifts of about $z\sim2-3$ as tracers, covering a volume of about half the diameter of the observable Universe, i.e. about 10$h^{-1}$Gpc. It will advance discovery and understanding by using these tracers as realistically as possible given understanding of their evolution and properties. This problem dates back to the pre-relativistic era (Schwarzschild 1900), but has only been tackled non-trivially since the early 1990s. Work on this theme is still in the pioneering stage. \begin{flushleft} {\em What is the proposed methodology? How will it solve the problem? What equipment will be used? Does the applicant have the required equipment skills and access?} \end{flushleft} The methodology is to use a range of methods, from studies of individual objects to statistical studies of large catalogues, and to parametrise understanding of the properties of the tracers in order to make these methods as observationally precise as possible. Just as the supernova type Ia method was just one among many methods for measuring local cosmological parameters, it is impossible to predict beforehand which specific method for measuring topological lensing will first yield highly significant results. Although the TCfA 32m telescope will be used for part of the general understanding of RLAGNs and for the OCRA project, which should yield large numbers of high-redshift clusters of galaxies, use of existing public catalogues such as those available at the Centre de Donn\'ees astronomiques de Strasbourg (CDS) and the information processing analysis requires the use of computers and computer peripherals. We do have access to these telescopes and databases and have experience managing computer resources. \begin{flushleft} {\em What are the expected results of this project (``know-how'', patents, methods, equipment), and how will they be disseminated (publications, conference presentations, PhD theses)?} \end{flushleft} This is a {\bf research} project, not a {\bf development} project, and the required theory which goes beyond general relativity has not yet been developed, so while we would hope to detect topological lensing, the results cannot be predicted before they are found. Articles on the results will of course be published in refereed journals, presented at conferences, and professionals and non-professionals will be able to follow (and maybe participate) in the research on our web pages via the normal methods of internet culture such as publicly archived mailing lists and wiki pages. \begin{flushleft} \textbf{E.} \textbf{SOLICITED PROJECTS ONLY: DOES THE APPLICANT MEET THE CALL CRITERIA, PARTICULARLY THOSE CONCERNING INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION?} \end{flushleft} N/A \begin{flushleft} \textbf{F. PROJECT} \textbf{SCHEDULE} \textbf{- ANTICIPATED TASKS} \end{flushleft} \begin{center} \begin{tabular}{clcr} No. & Name and description of task & Expected completion date (mm/yy)& Expected cost (z\l{}) \\ 1 & purchase computer items & 12/2004 & 25 kPLN \\ Total & & & 25 kPLN \end{tabular} \end{center} \begin{flushleft} \textbf{G. PROPOSED BUDGET} \end{flushleft} \begin{flushleft} \begin{spacing}{1.24} \end{spacing} \end{flushleft} \begin{center} \begin{spacing}{1.24} \begin{tabular}{lccc|r} \hline No. Item & \multicolumn{3}{c}{Funds for each budget year (z\l{})} & Total \\ & 2004 & 2005 & 2006 \\ {\bf 1} Direct costs, including: &&&& \\ {\footnotesize{}1/ }Salaries and benefits & 42.167 & 42.167 & 31.622 & 115.956 PLN \\ {\footnotesize{}2/} Equipment & 25k & & & 25.000 PLN\\ {\footnotesize{}3/} Other direct costs &&&&\\ international cosmology consultants & 20k &20k &20k & 60.000 PLN \\ conferences, public relations & 20k &20k &20k & 60.000 PLN \\ Subtotal: & 107.167 & 82.167& 71.622 & 260.956 PLN \\ &&&&\\ {\bf 2} Indirect costs (admin costs to UMK - 25% 1st yrs; 30% 2nd, 3rd yrs) &&&&\\ & 26.791 & 24.650 & 21.487 & 72.928 PLN \\ \hline {\bf 3} Total costs (1+2) &&&& 333.884 PLN \\ \hline \end{tabular} \end{spacing} \end{center} \begin{flushleft} \begin{spacing}{1.24} Details of direct cost items \end{spacing} \end{flushleft} \begin{flushleft} 1) {\em Salaries and benefits} \end{flushleft} \begin{flushleft} {\em Principal Investigator {\bf 33} person-months} \end{flushleft} Based on KBN guidelines, 100\% of 11500PLN/annum for the principal investigator if dr., 75\% for other investigators if dr., 50\% of 11500PLN/annum for other investigators if mgr. Hence: \begin{list}{(\roman{enumi})}{\usecounter{enumi}} \item dr Boudewijn Roukema 11500PLN *2.75 = 31.625 PLN \end{list} \begin{flushleft} {\em Staff {\bf 165} person-months} \end{flushleft} \begin{list}{(\roman{enumi})}{\usecounter{enumi}} \addtocounter{enumi}{1} \item dr Andrzej Marecki 7667PLN *2.75 = 21.083 PLN \item mgr Magda Kunert 5750PLN *2.75 = 15.812 PLN \item mgr Sebastian Soberski 5750PLN *2.75 = 15.812 PLN \item mgr Marcin Gawro\'nski 5750PLN *2.75 = 15.812 PLN \item (future mgr) Bartosz Lew 5750PLN *2.75 = 15.812 PLN (on condition that mgr degree is awarded) \end{list} Total: 115.956 PLN \smallskip \begin{flushleft} 2) {\em Equipment (type, estimated cost, planned month of purchase, and justification)} \end{flushleft} Justification: These computing facilities are needed for synthesis and analysis of empirical data, and for creating added value of the scientific products of the project (presenting and communicating results). Purchases are planned for 2004. * inkjet scanner/copier/printer + 3yrs insurance (loss/theft/etc.) (an inkjet PSC 750 costs 900PLN; recycled cartridges cost about 35 PLN B/W, 50 PLN colour) 1kPLN * colour laserwriter/scanner/copier? + 3yrs insurance (loss/theft/etc.) 7kPLN? * portable computer (``notebook'')? + 3yrs insurance (loss/theft/etc.) 10kPLN? * non-portable computer - AMD Athlon? + 3yrs insurance (loss/theft/etc.) 7kPLN Total: 25kPLN (One year's spending up to (1+0.67 +4*0.5 = 3.67) * 13700 = 50 kPLN is within the limit of our group; so we are being extremely conservative here.) \begin{flushleft} 3) {\em Other direct costs (type of expenditure, amount, and relation to project plan)} \end{flushleft} These relate to the project plan in that the project is internationally competitive research and so (1) international consultants are required for providing theoretical and observational data on the ways in which RLAGNs and clusters of galaxies can be used as candidate topologically lensed objects, and (2) we need to be able to present our results at international conferences and consult international experts at their home research institutes. 5 kPLN/month for international consultants in cosmology: 60 kPLN = 12 person-months 5 kPLN/month for presentation of our results at international conferences, consultations with international experts in their institutes 60 kPLN = 12 person-months \begin{flushleft} \end{flushleft} \begin{flushleft} \end{flushleft} \begin{flushleft} \begin{tabular}{ccc} {\em Date} & {\em Grantee organization }& {\em Principal Investigator}; \\ & Kierownik: & dr Boudewijn Roukema \\ & Prorektor ds Nauki i Wsp\'o\l{}pracy & \\ & z Zagranic\c{a} & \\ & prof dr. hab. Marek Zaidlewicz & \\ & Kwestor mgr Henryk Heldt & \\ \\ \\ \\ & Signature & Signature \end{tabular} \end{flushleft} \begin{flushleft} \end{flushleft} \begin{flushleft} \end{flushleft} \begin{flushleft} \end{flushleft} \begin{flushleft} \end{flushleft} \begin{flushleft} \end{flushleft} \begin{flushleft} \end{flushleft} \end{document}